Table of contents
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Preface |
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Preamble |
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1 Definition: "Fit-for-purpose packaging" |
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1.1 Assumed loads |
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1.2 Static mechanical loads |
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1.3 Dynamic mechanical loads |
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1.3.1 Load values as specified in the Guidelines for Packing of Cargo Transport Units |
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1.3.2 Assumed loads during air transport |
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1.3.3 Calculation of the acceleration forces |
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1.4 Load types |
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1.4.1 Horizontal and vertical shock loads |
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1.4.2 Tipping loads / risk of tipping |
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1.4.3 Marking the center of gravity |
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1.4.4 Loads caused by oscillations/vibrations |
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1.4.5 Loads during handling |
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1.4.6 Loads on general cargo during handling with cranes |
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1.4.7 Loads on general cargo during handling with forklift trucks, loads on the box floor |
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2 Protection from the climate and the weather |
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2.1 Protection from spray/dust |
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2.1.1 Temperature |
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2.1.2 Humidity |
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2.1.3 Interaction between temperature and humidity |
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2.2 Effects of climatic stress on the packages |
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3 Period the packaged goods spend in the transport packaging |
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3.1 Inspection mechanisms for protecting the packaged goods in the transport packaging |
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4 Securing the packaged goods, inner packaging |
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4.1 General preparatory measures on the item to be packaged |
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4.2 Corrosion protection during shipping |
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4.2.1 Corrosion |
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4.2.2 Susceptibility to corrosion |
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4.2.3 Existing protective measures |
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4.3 Corrosion protection measures on the packaged goods, cleaning of surfaces |
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4.4 Corrosion protection methods during shipping |
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4.4.1 The inert gas method |
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4.4.2 The protective coating method |
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4.4.3 The VCI method (Volatile Corrosion Inhibitor) |
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4.4.4 The desiccant method |
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4.5 Indicators |
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4.5.1 Humidity indicators |
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4.5.2 Tilt indicators |
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4.5.3 Jolt and shock indicators |
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4.5.4 Recorders |
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5 Material qualities |
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5.1 Cut lumber (spruce, pine) |
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5.1.1 Dimensional changes |
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5.1.2 Specific weight |
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5.1.3 Strength of cut lumber |
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5.1.4 Lumber qualities |
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5.1.5 Dimensions |
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5.1.6 Phytosanitary requirements |
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5.2 Derived lumber products |
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5.2.1 Requirements with respect to derived lumber products |
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5.3 Films |
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5.3.1 Polyethylene films (PE films) |
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5.3.2 Aluminum composite films |
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5.4 Cushioning / shock-absorbing elements |
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5.4.1 Air bags |
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5.4.2 Bubble films |
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5.4.3 Rubberized fiber cushioning |
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5.4.4 Foams |
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5.4.5 Vibration- and shock-absorbing elements |
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5.5 Nails |
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5.6 Bolts |
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6 Constructing boxes and crates |
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6.1 General |
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6.1.1 Safety clearance between packaging and packaged goods |
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6.2 Basic design features of a box/crate |
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6.2.1 Design features of a cut-lumber/sheet material box |
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6.3 Description of the elements |
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6.3.1 Floor element |
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6.3.2 Side wall / end wall elements |
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6.3.3 Lid element |
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6.4 Weight and volume classes of boxes and crates |
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6.5 Securing and bracing the cargo in the box/crate |
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6.6 Load securing aids on the box/crate, aids to stowage |
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6.6.1 Aids for loading and unloading packages in containers |
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6.7 High-volume boxes/crates |
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6.8 Special considerations with crates |
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6.9 Notes on the construction of floors and lids for boxes/crates |
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7 Accompanying packaging |
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8 Bundles |
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9 Partial cladding |
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10 Sleds |
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11 Markings |
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12 Load securing |
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12.1 Securing packages (boxes, crates, frame constructions and sleds) |
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12.2 Possible load-securing measures for packages
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13 Cable drums |
