| Yarns | [German version] |
Table of contents |
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| General: | ||
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Product information | |
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Packaging | |
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Transport | |
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Container transport | |
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Cargo securing | |
Product information
Product name
| German | Garne |
| English | Yarns |
| French | Filés |
| Spanish | Hilos |
| CN/HS number * | from 50 ff. to 70 ff. |
(* EU Combined Nomenclature/Harmonized System)
Product description
Yarns are filamentous textile products produced by mechanical spinning processes, the products being classed:
1. by material:
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spinnable vegetable fibers (cotton, flax, hemp, jute etc.) |
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animal fibers (wool, silk) |
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manmade fibers (viscose, nylon etc.) |
2. by spinning method:
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carded yarn |
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worsted yarn |
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combed yarn |
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teased yarn |
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bourette yarn |
3. by fineness
Quality / Duration of storage
Extended exposure to light puts natural and manmade fibers at risk due to photomechanical degradation processes; natural silk, polyamide fibers, jute and ramie are particularly sensitive.
Intended use
Yarns are further processed by doubling, weaving, machine knitting, for sewing or knitting purposes and for needlework.
Figures
(Click on the individual Figures to enlarge them.)
 Figure 1 |
 Figure 2 |
 Figure 3 |
Countries of origin
Yarns are today transported worldwide from and to all continents.
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Packaging
Yarns are shipped in containers on spools or as skeins, principally in folding cartons but also in bales (sometimes strapped with metal strapping), bags and boxes. They must be so packaged as to ensure that the spools do not chafe against each other or against the packaging, as this would result in the loss of whole spools. Skeins must be so secured as to prevent them from coming undone.
| Marking of packages | ||
 Keep dry |
 Use no hooks |
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Transport
Symbols
 General cargo |
Means of transport
Ship, truck, railroad, aircraft
Container transport
Transport in standard containers , subject to compliance with lower limits for water content of goods, packaging and flooring.
Cargo handling
In damp weather (rain, snow), the cargo must be protected from moisture, since yarns are strongly hygroscopic and readily absorb moisture. No hooks of any kind should be used, since they may very easily cause damage.
Stowage factor
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1.33 – 12.26 m³/t (corrugated board cartons) [1] |
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1.70 – 9.10 m³/t (bales/cloth) [1] |
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1.50 – 5.50 m³/t (boxes) [1] |
Stowage space requirements
The product must be stowed away from heat sources in clean, dry holds (containers).
Segregation
Marker pen/oil crayon, slip or label bearing product data and/or bar code.
Cargo securing
The cargo is to be stowed in such a way that the bales or cartons do not slip and become damaged during transport. Sharp-edged steel components must be covered with wooden dunnage, while the stack pressure is absorbed by dense intermediate layers of wooden dunnage.
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Risk factors and loss prevention
RF Temperature
Yarns require particular temperature, humidity/moisture and possibly ventilation conditions (SC VI) (storage climate conditions) .
Favorable travel temperature range: 18 – 25°C [1]
Optimum travel temperature: 20°C [1]
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RF Humidity/Moisture
Yarns require particular temperature, humidity/moisture and possibly ventilation conditions (SC VI) (storage climate conditions) .
| Designation | Humidity/water content | Source |
| Relative humidity | 65 – 70% | [1] |
| Water content | 10 – 15% | [1] |
| Maximum equilibrium moisture content | 70% | [1] |
Yarns are strongly hygroscopic (hygroscopicity), i.e. moisture (seawater, rain, condensation water) may cause mustiness, mildew stains and mold growth. Cargo handlers must not contaminate the goods (drinking water, urine).
Paper yarns rapidly lose strength when stored under damp conditions and are very prone to mold.
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RF Ventilation
Yarns require particular temperature, humidity/moisture and possibly ventilation conditions (SC VI) (storage climate conditions) .
Recommended ventilation conditions: air exchange rate: 6 changes/hour (airing), if the dew point of the external air is lower than the dew point of the hold air.
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RF Biotic activity
This risk factor has no significant influence on the transport of this product.
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RF Gases
This risk factor has no significant influence on the transport of this product.
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RF Self-heating / Spontaneous combustion
The goods are liable to catch fire. All smoking is prohibited.
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RF Odor
| Active behavior | Yarns do not release any odor. |
| Passive behavior | Yarns are sensitive to unpleasant/pungent odors. |
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RF Contamination
| Active behavior | Yarns are a very clean cargo. |
| Passive behavior | Yarns must be stowed away from fats/oils, acids and contaminating and dust-producing goods. |
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RF Mechanical influences
If spools rub together or chafe against the packaging, whole spools may be lost.
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RF Toxicity / Hazards to health
This risk factor has no significant influence on the transport of this product.
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RF Shrinkage/Shortage
This risk factor has no significant influence on the transport of this product.
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RF Insect infestation / Diseases
Do not stow yarns directly together with foodstuffs and animal feed or hides/furs, as pests may mistakenly migrate to the yarns and damage them.
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