Name |
Geographic distribution |
Comments |
Abura, Bahia |
- West Africa
- Central Africa
- East Africa
|
- low durability
- reasonably fungus- but not insect-resistant
- not teredo-resistant
- blue (oxidative) discoloration possible due to contact with iron/steel
- freshly unbarked wood has tendency to split at edges
- rafted blocks often contain nails and other metallic inclusions and thus depreciative oxidative discoloration
|
Acariquara |
- South America
- West Africa
|
- particularly teredo-resistant
- salt-water resistant
- frost-resistant
- used for breakwater construction
|
African mahogany, Khaya Mahagoni, acajou d’Afrique |
- West Africa
- Central Africa
- East Africa
|
- roundwood with and without bark
- sapwood: low durability (blue stain)
- heartwood: good durability
- reasonably fungus- and insect-resistant
- biologically active wood: dermatitis
- mahogany is susceptible to stains
|
White mahogany, acajou blanc |
|
- good durability
- reasonably susceptible to fungal and insect attack (blue stain in sapwood)
- mahogany is susceptible to stains
|
African Padouk, sandalwood |
|
- roundwood, dressed or undressed
- heartwood: very good durability
- fungus- and insect-resistant, also termite-resistant
- biologically active wood: dermatitis
- strong aromatic odor, stow away from odor-sensitive products
|
African canarium, Aiele |
- West Africa
- Central Africa
- East Africa
|
- low durability
- susceptible to fungal and insect attack (bluish-black discoloration due to poor storage, blue stain)
- not teredo-resistant
- severe frost damage in winter
|
Ako |
- West Africa
- Central Africa
|
- low durability
- susceptible to fungal and insect attack
- not teredo-resistant
- due to low durability, ako should be obtained only from reliable consignors, who guarantee quick loading and protective chemical treatment
|
Alerce, Patagonian cypress |
|
- very good durability
- heartwood: fungus- and insect-resistant
- also supplied as hewn beams
|
Amarante, violet wood |
|
- roundwood, dressed
- good durability
- heartwood: fungus- and insect-resistant
- reasonably teredo-resistant
- biologically active wood: irritation of mucous membranes, dermatitis, faintness and general unwell feeling
- wood becomes violet on exposure to air
|
American mahogany, Baywood, acajou d’Amérique |
- South America
- Central America
|
- good durability
- heartwood reasonably fungus- and insect-resistant
- reasonably termite-resistant
- not teredo-resistant
- biologically active wood: dermatitis, impaired general state of health
|
Andiroba |
- South America
- Central America
|
- good durability
- reasonably fungus- and insect-resistant
- termite-resistant
- not teredo-resistant
|
Angélique |
|
- good to very good durability
- resistant to fungi and insects
- reasonably teredo-resistant
- also square-hewn beams (ram piles)
|
Aningeria, Aningré blanc |
|
- sapwood: low durability (blue stain), not insect-resistant
- heartwood reasonably fungus- and insect-resistant
- dark oxidative discoloration in parts
|
Aspen |
|
- low durability
- susceptible to fungal and insect attack
- also to frost splitting
|
Assacu, Hura wood |
- South America
- Central America
|
- low durability
- susceptible to fungal and insect attack (blue stain, rotting, worm grooves)
|
Avodire |
|
- low durability
- susceptible to fungal and insect attack, in particular to blue stain
- not teredo-resistant
|
Ekki, Azobé, Bongossi |
- West Africa
- Central Africa
|
- very good durability
- reasonably fungus- and insect-resistant, also termite-resistant
- teredo-resistant
- Ekki is one of the hardest, most resistant wood species
|
Baboen |
- South America
- Central America
|
- low durability
- susceptible to fungal and insect attack
- heartwood somewhat more durable than sapwood
- requires quick hauling out after felling, rapid shipment
- chemical roundwood protection necessary
|
Balsawood, Balsa, Corkwood |
- South America
- Central America
|
- very low durability
- extremely susceptible to fungal and insect attack, therefore treat chemically, or at least unbark, immediately after felling
- paraffin treatment to protect against moisture absorption
- lightest commercial wood, lighter than cork
- must be stowed very carefully due to risk of breakage
- has low abrasion- and pressure-resistance, so handle carefully
- no other cargo should be stowed on blocks
|
Sycamore |
|
- low durability
- susceptible to fungal and insect attack
|
Bété, Mansonia |
|
- roundwood with or without bark
- sometimes dressed
- sapwood: low durability
- heartwood: good durability, reasonably fungus- but not insect-resistant
- not teredo-resistant
- biologically active wood: dermatitis, nosebleeds, sore throats, nausea, dizziness
|
Birch |
|
- low durability
- susceptible to fungal and insect attack
- decays very rapidly
- in the case of roundwood without bark with small central trunk diameter, frost splitting may lead to total loss
|
Pear-tree |
- Central Europe
- Southern Europe
|
- low durability
- susceptible to fungal and insect attack (splitting, rotting, fungal discoloration, worm grooves)
|
Black walnut, American walnut |
|
- sapwood: low durability
- heartwood: reasonably good
- resistant to fungi and insects
|
Blue gum, Eucalyptus, Jarra wood, Australian Mahogany |
|
- good durability
- reasonably fungus- and insect-resistant
- teredo-resistant
- biologically active wood: dermatitis
|
Bahia Rosewood, Pinkwood, Bois de rose |
|
- roundwood, dressed
- good durability
- reasonably fungus- and insect-resistant
- oxidative discoloration on contact with metals, in particular iron/steel
|
Guarea, Bossé, Acajou bossé |
|
- sapwood: low durability (blue stain)
- heartwood: good durability, fungus-resistant, reasonably insect-resistant, not termite- or teredo-resistant
- biologically active wood: irritation of mucous membranes
|
Bubinga, Kevazingo |
|
- roundwood, dressed
- sapwood: low durability, susceptible to fungal and insect attack (rotting)
- heartwood very good, fungus- and insect-resistant
|
Cedar, Cedro, Cedrela |
- South America
- Central America
|
- sapwood: low durability
- heartwood reasonably resistant to fungi and insects, reasonably termite-resistant
- biologically active wood: irritation of mucous membranes and dermatitis
- discoloration of wood on contact with metals
- has penetrating odor
|
Champak |
|
- low durability
- extremely susceptible to fungal and insect attack
- not teredo-resistant
|
Chikrassy, Yimma |
- South-east Asia
- South Asia
|
- good to moderate durability
- heartwood reasonably fungus- and insect-resistant
- not teredo-resistant
|
Cocobolo |
|
- roundwood, dressed
- very good durability
- heartwood: fungus- and insect-resistant
- oxidative discoloration on contact with metals, in particular iron/steel
|
West-Indian Locust, Courbaril |
- Central America
- South America
|
- good to very good durability
- reasonably resistant to fungi and insects
- not teredo-resistant
- biologically active wood: dermatitis
|
Dahoma, Dabéma |
- West Africa
- Central Africa
|
- heartwood: very good durability
- reasonably fungus- and insect-resistant
- reasonably termite-resistant
- biologically active wood: irritation of mucous membranes due to wood dust
- contact with iron/steel causes oxidative discoloration of damp wood
|
Paldao, Dao |
|
- low durability
- susceptible to fungal attack
- heartwood: reasonably insect-resistant
- not teredo-resistant
|
African walnut, Tigerwood, Dibétou |
|
- low durability
- not resistant to fungi and insects
- not teredo-resistant
- biologically active wood: dermatitis
- blocks with raft hooks always subject to major discoloration
|
Douglas fir, Douglas spruce, Oregon Pine |
|
- good durability
- heartwood: almost fungus- and insect-resistant (frost splitting, rotting, worm grooves)
- damp wood tends to stain
|
Figured macore |
|
- good durability
- heartwood reasonably fungus- and insect-resistant, also termite-resistant
- not teredo-resistant
- fresh roundwood sensitive to frost
- biologically active wood: irritation of mucous membranes
|
Doussié, Afzelia, Apa, Aligna |
- West Africa
- Central Africa
|
- good durability
- reasonably termite-resistant
- not teredo-resistant
- end protection recommended
- biologically active wood: irritation of mucous membranes
|
Ebony, Macassar ebony |
|
- roundwood, dressed
- good durability
- heartwood reasonably fungus- and insect-resistant
- not teredo-resistant
- biologically active wood: dermatitis and irritation of mucous membranes
- due to high value, pieces must be carefully counted during cargo handling
|
Rowan, mountain ash |
- North Africa
- Europe
- West Asia
|
- low durability
- susceptible to fungal and insect attack (oxidative discoloration, rotting, worm grooves)
|
Sweet chestnut |
- North Africa
- Western Europe
- Southern Europe
|
- sapwood: low durability
- heartwood: reasonably fungus-resistant, not insect-resistant, durable in water
- metal corrosion possible (blue discoloration) at high wood moisture levels
- biologically active wood: dermatitis
|
Yew |
- North Africa
- Western Europe
- Central Europe
- Southern Europe
|
|
Oak, English oak, common oak, pedunculate oak |
|
- sapwood: low durability
- heartwood: durable
- end protection and prevention of water ingress are recommended, due to risk of tan stains
- use rope yarn for segregation, not paint
- do not load cut lumber with fibrous materials, since planing impossible
|
Wild Service Tree, Chequers |
- Central Europe
- Southern Europe
|
- low durability
- durable in dry
- susceptible to fungal attack
|
Alstonia, Patternwood, Stoolwood, Emien |
- West Africa
- Central Africa
- East Africa
|
- low durability
- susceptible to fungal and insect attack
- not teredo-resistant
- protective chemical treatment necessary
|
Ash |
|
- low durability, especially in open air (oxidative discoloration, rotting, worm grooves, frost splitting)
|
Erinado, Essessang |
- West Africa
- Central Africa
- East Africa
|
- low durability
- susceptible to fungal and insect attack (ring shakes, blue stain, rotting, worm grooves)
|
Yellow Sterculia, Eyong |
|
- very low durability
- susceptible to fungal and insect attack (blue stain, rotting, worm grooves)
|
Faro |
|
- low durability
- susceptible to fungal and insect attack
- not teredo-resistant
- protective chemical treatment necessary
- requires quick transport and prompt shipment
- avoid any extended storage (splitting, blue stain, rotting, worm grooves)
|
Spruce, Norway spruce |
- Central Europe
- South-eastern Europe
- North-eastern Europe
|
- low durability
- susceptible to fungal and insect attack (discoloration, rotting)
|
Idigbo, Framiré |
|
- sapwood: low durability, susceptible to fungal and insect attack (blue stain, wet wood liable to yellowing)
- heartwood: reasonably good durability
- protective chemical treatment necessary
|
Silk cotton tree, Fromager, Ceiba |
- West Africa
- Central Africa
- East Africa
- South America
- Central America
- South Asia
- South-east Asia
|
- low durability
- susceptible to fungal and insect attack
- not teredo-resistant
- protective treatment necessary
- prompt transport and quick shipment necessary
|
Guayac, Lignum Vitae |
- South America
- Central America
|
- good durability
- reasonably fungus-resistant, virtually insect-resistant
- teredo-resistant
- water-repellent due to high content of hydrophobing constituents
- biologically active wood: irritation of mucous membranes
- wood is of high value
- oil- and resin-rich wood
- very hard
|
Greenheart, Demerara Greenheart |
|
- very good durability
- heartwood: fungus-resistant and virtually insect-resistant, termite-resistant
- teredo-resistant
- biologically active wood: irritation of mucous membranes, headaches, vomiting, diarrhea, cramps, impaired vision, breathing difficulties
- end protection is recommended
|
Hickory |
|
- sapwood: low durability
- susceptible to fungal and insect attack (oxidative discoloration, splitting, also frost splitting, rotting, worm grooves)
- not teredo-resistant
- heartwood somewhat more resistant
|
Adjouaba, Igaganga |
|
- roundwood predominantly unbarked
- sapwood: low durability
- heartwood reasonably fungus- and insect-resistant
|
Ilomba, Ekom |
- West Africa
- Central Africa
- East Africa
|
- low durability
- very susceptible to fungal and insect attack (splitting, blue stain, decay, rotting, worm grooves)
- roundwood must be protected immediately after felling
- Ilomba is particularly susceptible to attack
- at extreme risk of frost splitting, so particular care must be taken during the cold part of the year
|
Brazilian walnut, Imbuia |
|
- good durability
- reasonably fungus-resistant
- only occasional insect infestation
- end protection necessary
|
Incense cedar, Eastern red cedar, Pencil cedar |
|
- good durability
- reasonably fungus- and insect-resistant
|
Iroko, Kambala |
- West Africa
- Central Africa
- East Africa
|
- roundwood generally dressed
- very good durability
- heartwood fungus-resistant, only occasional insect infestation
- reasonably termite-resistant
- not teredo-resistant
- biologically active wood: irritation of mucous membranes and dermatitis
|
Albarco, Jequitiba |
|
- good to very good durability
- darker woods are more resistant to fungal and insect infestation than lighter woods
- over-stowed woods often exhibit severe splitting
- load carefully
- risk of slippage of loaded cargo (veneers) owing to very smooth surface
|
Kaori |
|
- low durability
- susceptible to fungal and insect attack (blue stain, rotting, worm grooves)
|
Pine, Baltic Redwood, Scots Pine |
- Central Europe
- Northern Europe
- Eastern Europe
|
- heartwood: reasonably durable
- sapwood: susceptible to fungal and insect attack
- risk of blue discoloration, due to inclusion of sapwood
|
Cherry |
- Europe
- West Asia
- North America
|
- sapwood: low durability
- heartwood somewhat more durable
- oxidative discoloration on contact with metals
|
Afrormosia, Kokrodua |
|
- good durability
- heartwood reasonably fungus- and insect-resistant, only occasional infestation
- reasonably teredo-resistant
- biologically active wood: dermatitis
- iron/steel corrosion due to damp wood
|
Omu, Heavy Sapele, Kosipo, Candollei |
- West Africa
- Central Africa
|
- sapwood: low durability
- heartwood (fresh) reasonably resistant to fungi but not insect-resistant
- good durability when dry
- fresh woods at risk of frost splitting, so care must be taken when importing during the cold part of the year
|
Danta, Kotibé |
|
- very good durability
- fungus- and insect-resistant
- reasonably teredo-resistant
|
Pterygota |
|
- low durability
- susceptible to fungal and insect attack
- sapwood particularly sensitive to blue stain
- chemical roundwood protection recommended
|
Krabak |
|
- low durability
- sapwood: susceptible to fungal and insect attack
- heartwood somewhat more resistant
- not teredo-resistant
- requires quick transport and prompt shipment
|
Larch |
|
- good durability
- also very durable in water
- protect wood from direct solar radiation and rain
|
Laurel |
|
- sapwood and heartwood resistant fungus and insect infestation
- very sensitive to wood-discoloring fungi
|
Limba, Afara, Corina |
- West Africa
- Central Africa
|
- low durability
- susceptible to fungal and insect attack (oxidative fungal discoloration, decay, worm grooves)
- wood protection measures required immediately after felling
- stow in favorable holds, Limba is particularly susceptible to attack
|
Lime |
|
- sapwood and heartwood: low durability
- susceptible to fungal and insect attack
- end protection necessary for roundwood and cut lumber
|
Lychee |
|
|
Padouk, Maidou |
|
- roundwood, dressed
- good durability
- heartwood reasonably insect-resistant, in particular termite-resistant
- biologically active wood: bronchial asthma
|
Makore, Baku |
|
- roundwood with and without bark
- Ghanaian Makoré generally unbarked
- Ivory Coast Makoré usually with bark
- good durability
- sapwood: susceptible to fungal and insect attack
- heartwood: reasonably insect-resistant
- risk of blue discoloration on contact with metal at high wood moisture levels
- biologically active wood: dermatitis, irritation of mucous membranes and conjunctivitis
|
Yellowwood, Mañiu |
|
- low durability, susceptible to fungal and insect attack, not teredo-resistant
|
Mengkulang |
|
- roundwood with and without bark
- low durability
- susceptible to fungal and insect attack
- not teredo-resistant
|
Meranti, Red Lauan, Seraya |
|
- low durability
- susceptible to fungal and insect attack
- not teredo-resistant
|
Merawan |
|
- good durability
- heartwood: reasonably insect-resistant
- not teredo-resistant
- durable under water
- avoid direct solar radiation
- risk of fine surface splitting
|
Moabi |
|
- good durability
- sapwood: susceptible to fungal and insect attack
- heartwood reasonably fungus- and insect-resistant, also termite-resistant
- not teredo-resistant
- biologically active wood: irritation of mucous membranes
- metal corrosion due to damp wood
|
Mo vang tam |
- South Asia
- South-east Asia
|
- low durability
- susceptible to fungal and insect attack
- not teredo-resistant
- requires prompt transport and quick shipment
|
Nigerian Satinwood, Movingui, Ayan |
|
- good durability
- reasonably fungus- and insect-resistant, in particular termite-resistant
- not teredo-resistant
- blue stain in sapwood
|
Mukulungú |
- West Africa
- Central Africa
|
- roundwood always with bark
- sapwood: low durability
- heartwood: good durability
- hardly any fungus and insect infestation, reasonably termite-resistant
- biologically active wood: irritation of mucous membranes
|
Mutenye |
|
- good durability
- heartwood reasonably fungus- and insect-resistant
- reasonably teredo-resistant
|
Niangon, Wismore |
|
- sapwood: low durability
- heartwood: good durability
- reasonably fungus- and insect-resistant
- not teredo-resistant
- contact with iron/steel causes risk of corrosion
|
Niové |
- West Africa
- Central Africa
|
- good to very good durability
- fungus-resistant and reasonably insect-resistant
|
Obeche, Abachi, Samba, Wawa |
|
- low durability
- susceptible to fungal and insect attack
- not teredo-resistant
- protect green wood immediately after felling
- Obeche is particularly susceptible to attack
- biologically active wood: asthmatic conditions
|
Gaboon, Okume |
|
- roundwood solely with bark
- good durability
- sapwood: susceptible to fungal and insect attack
- heartwood reasonably fungus- and insect-resistant, also teredo-resistant
- reasonably durable under water
- blue stain and insects predominantly in sapwood
|
Olon |
|
- low durability
- susceptible to fungal attack (particularly susceptible to blue stain)
- reasonably insect-resistant
- quick transport and prompt shipment are necessary to prevent depreciation, in particular due to blue stain
|
Omo, Cordia, Ebe |
|
- frequently unbarked and dressed
- heartwood reasonably fungus- and insect-resistant, probably also termite-resistant
|
Onzabili, Antrocaryon |
|
- low durability
- susceptible to fungal and insect attack
- chemically protected wood preferred
|
East-Indian rosewood |
|
- roundwood, dressed
- very good durability
- insect- and termite-resistant
- not teredo-resistant
- biologically active wood: dermatitis
|
Ovangkol |
|
- sapwood: low durability (rotting)
- heartwood good to very good durability, supposedly fungus-resistant
|
Assia, Ozigo |
|
- sapwood: low durability (blue stain)
- heartwood: good durability
- reasonably fungus- and insect-resistant
- not teredo-resistant
|
Parana pine, Pino Brasil |
|
- low durability
- susceptible to fungal and insect attack
- particularly in sapwood
- most important Brazilian wood species
|
Parasolier, African corkwood, umbrella tree |
- West Africa
- Central Africa
|
- low durability (blue stain, rotting, worm grooves)
- felled wood requires quick hauling out
- chemical protection recommended
|
Pernambouc, Brasilwood |
|
- roundwood, dressed
- very good durability
- heartwood: fungus- and insect-resistant, only occasional infestation
- reasonably teredo-resistant
- biologically active wood: dermatitis
|
White peroba, Peroba jaune |
|
- roundwood, dressed
- good durability
- sapwood: susceptible to fungal and insect attack
- heartwood reasonably fungus- and insect-resistant
- not teredo-resistant
|
Red peroba, Peroba rose |
|
- roundwood, dressed
- good durability
- reasonably fungus- and insect-resistant, only occasional infestation
|
Persimmon, Possum wood, Virginia date palm |
|
- low durability
- the valuable sapwood in particular is susceptible to fungal and insect attack (oxidative discoloration in the form of dark stains, splitting, rotting, worm grooves)
|
Pitch pine, Ponderosa pine |
|
- heartwood with high apparent density: very good durability
- heartwood with low apparent density: susceptible to fungal and insect attack
- sapwood products also known as red pine
|
Plane tree |
|
- low durability
- susceptible to fungal and insect attack
- quick to decay
|
Pyinkado |
- South Asia
- South-east Asia
|
- very good durability
- heartwood: fungus-, insect- and teredo-resistant
- biologically active wood: irritation of mucous membranes
|
Mandioqueira, Quaruba |
|
- low durability
- susceptible to fungal and insect attack
- not teredo-resistant
- due to low durability, roundwood protection is necessary in forest and during transport, extended intermediate storage to be avoided
|
Radiata pine, Monterey pine |
|
- low durability
- susceptible to fungal and insect attack
|
Ramin, Melawis |
|
- low durability
- susceptible to blue stain
- not insect- and teredo-resistant
- requires rapid transport to coast and quick shipment
- roundwood must be protected as soon as possible after felling
- Ramin is particularly susceptible to attack
|
Chilean beech, Rauli |
|
- good durability
- susceptible to insect attack
|
Redwood, Sequoia |
|
- very good durability
- virtually fungus- and insect-resistant, in particular termite-resistant
- reasonably teredo-resistant
- oxidative discoloration
- frost splitting
- Redwood is one of the world’s best structural lumbers
|
Brazilian Rosewood, Rio Palisander, Jacaranda |
|
- roundwood, dressed
- good durability
- reasonably fungus- and insect-resistant
- the older is the tree, the more susceptible is the heartwood to attack
|
Robinia, Black locust |
|
- very durable, even in water
- generally fungus- and insect-resistant
- reasonably teredo-resistant
- biologically active wood: irritation of mucous membranes and dermatitis
- Robinia is one of the toughest woods, excellent lumber for mining
|
Horse-chestnut |
- North America
- Europe
- Asia
|
- sapwood and heartwood: low durability
- susceptible to fungal and insect attack
- wood-discoloring and wood-destroying fungi cause rapid decay with subsequent pocket rot
|
European beech |
- Central Europe
- Southern Europe
- Western Europe
|
- low durability
- susceptible to fungal and insect attack
- protect roundwood and cut lumber from direct solar radiation
- monitor wood protection measures continually
|
American red oak |
|
- low durability, only durable in dry
- susceptible to fungal and insect attack
- blue discoloration by metal corrosion possible
- protect roundwood and cut lumber from rapid drying and from direct solar radiation
|
Elm |
- West Africa
- Europe
- West Asia
|
- sapwood: low durability
- heartwood: reasonably durable
- frost splitting
- oxidative discoloration
- green discoloration due to reaction between iron/steel and tannin
|
Safukala |
|
- sapwood: low durability, sensitive to blue stain fungi and insects
- heartwood: good durability, reasonably fungus- and insect-resistant
- not teredo-resistant
- oxidative discoloration possible due to contact with metals
|
Sapele, Sapelli, Aboudikro |
- West Africa
- Central Africa
- East Africa
|
- roundwood predominantly unbarked, sometimes also dressed
- sapwood: low durability
- heartwood reasonably fungus- and insect-resistant
- not teredo-resistant
- blue discoloration possible on contact with metals
|
Black alder |
|
- low durability in open air
- very good durability under water (fungal discoloration, also oxidative discoloration)
|
Black poplar |
|
- low durability
- sapwood and heartwood: susceptible to fungal and insect attack
|
Utile, Sipo, Kalungi |
- West Africa
- Central Africa
|
- roundwood predominantly with bark
- sapwood: low durability
- heartwood reasonably fungus- and insect-resistant, also reasonably termite-resistant
- not teredo-resistant
|
Sougué |
|
- moderate durability
- reasonably teredo- and insect-resistant, however, due to high silicate content
|
Tali |
- West Africa
- Central Africa
- East Africa
|
- very good durability
- fungus- and insect-resistant
- teredo-resistant
- biologically active wood: irritation of mucous membranes, general disorders, paralysis
|
Fir, silver fir |
- Central Europe
- Southern Europe
|
- low durability
- susceptible to fungal and insect attack
- not teredo-resistant
- unbarked roundwood felled in sunshine splits very quickly
- green unbarked wood is rapidly attacked by mold
|
Tchitola, Tola, Chamfuta |
- West Africa
- Central Africa
|
- roundwood unbarked
- sapwood: low durability
- heartwood: good durability
- reasonably resistant to fungi and insects
- not teredo-resistant
- termite-resistant
- ensure protective chemical treatment
|
Teak, Djati, Kyun |
- South Asia
- South-east Asia
|
- very good durability
- heartwood: fungus- and insect-resistant, in particular termite-resistant
- reasonably teredo-resistant
- metal corrosion possible due to constituents
- biologically active wood: dermatitis
- roundwood generally rafted
- very valuable wood
- exudes slight rubbery odor
|
Gedu Nohor, Tiama, Edinam |
- West Africa
- Central Africa
|
- sapwood: low durability
- sensitive to attack by blue stain fungus and insects
- heartwood: reasonably good durability, but no resistance to insects and teredos
- often has an exceptionally high sapwood content
- oxidative discoloration on contact with metals
|
Tola |
- West Africa
- Central Africa
|
- roundwood generally unbarked
- sapwood: low durability
- heartwood reasonably fungus- and insect-resistant, reasonably termite-resistant
- not teredo-resistant
- dressed consignments are preferred due to the high resin content in the sapwood (up to 12%)
|
Urunday, Kingwood |
|
- roundwood, dressed
- good durability
- reasonably fungus- and insect-resistant
- not teredo-resistant
|
Walnut |
- Central Europe
- Southern Europe
|
- sapwood: low durability
- heartwood reasonably fungus- and insect-resistant, (oxidative discoloration, frost splitting)
|
Willow |
|
- low durability
- susceptible to fungal and insect attack
|
Hornbeam |
|
- low durability in open air (oxidative and fungal discoloration, rotting, splitting, worm grooves)
|
Wengé |
|
- roundwood predominantly dressed
- good durability
- heartwood reasonably fungus- and insect-resistant
- not teredo-resistant
|
Western hemlock |
|
- low durability
- susceptible to fungal and insect attack
- reasonably teredo-resistant and durable under water
|
Western red cedar, giant arborvitae |
|
- very good durability
- dry wood fungus- and insect-resistant
|
Eastern white pine, Weymouth pine, Yellow pine |
- North America
- Central Europe
- Western Europe
|
- good durability (blue stain, rotting, worm grooves)
|
Yang, Keruing, Kanyin, Dau, Gurjun, In |
- South Asia
- South-east Asia
|
- sapwood: low durability
- heartwood: good durability
- reasonably fungus- and insect-resistant
- not teredo-resistant
- susceptible to dry splitting, exudes resin
|
Zebrawood, Zebrano, Zingana |
|
- roundwood, dressed
- good durability
- reasonably fungus- and insect-resistant, in particular termite-resistant
- not teredo-resistant
|